The Age of Enlightenment brought about impressive achievements in scientific understanding that pertained to medicine. Documentation of the anatomy progressed rapidly, and there was greater understanding of how certain bodily systems worked. Scientists expressed great hope for the future with some proclaiming that because scientific knowledge was growing so rapidly, disease would soon be completely eradicated. Yet the actual cause of illness still stymied them. Though microscopes provided the capability of seeing "little animalcules," no one had drawn a line between the presence of what we now know as bacteria and disease and there were many misguided theories about cause and effect. Though physicians of this era did not yet know the cause of disease, their theories were key to medical improvements to come. "Old World and New" discusses what occurred during this age of "enlightenment" that affected future developments in medicine. This new book is a vital addition to literature on the history of medicine, putting into perspective the medical discoveries of the period and providing readers with a better understanding of the accomplishments of the time. Featuring a chronology, a glossary, and an array of historical and current sources for further research, this resource is immensely useful for readers who need additional information on specific terms, topics, and developments in medical science. The chapters include: Medicine in Search of Better Answers; Advancements in Midwifery, Anatomy, and Surgery; Changes in Battlefield Medicine; Curtailing the Spread of Disease; Learning from Yellow Fever; Early American Medical Care; Early Thoughts on Digestion and Respiration; and, The Importance of Public Health.