This fully revised third edition integrates updated references, new findings, and modern theories, to present readers with the most thorough and complete introduction to phonetics and phonology.

• Exceptionally thorough, including detailed attention to articulatory and acoustic phonetics as well as to the foundations of phonological analysis

• Features a number of valuable changes, incorporating new material on the latest findings in speech production studies; greater coverage of prosody, including a major section on autosegmental metrical models; expanded coverage of phonology, including Optimality Theory; and sections on L1 and L2 acquisition, and sociolectal variation

• Integrates new findings, theories references throughout, offering students the most thorough and complete knowledge of the subject to date

• Includes 125 figures throughout.

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Economics both describes the way economic forces work and studies the efficiency, or inefficiency, that results. These two aspects of economics have probably never been wholly separated, and it is debatable how far it is possible or desirable to separate them. The question will ultimately be answered by evaluating these different theoretical methods in terms of the results they deliver. The theory of economic efficiency uniquely incorporates problem of ideals of good conduct and welfare; in short, of morals and ethics. Preface to Social Economics presents thumbnail sketches describing the growth of our awareness of social problems over the past century. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the sciences, both natural and social, made us aware of many factors governing our behavior. With the discovery of controllable external social causes, the responsibility for problems (and change) shifted from the individual to the group. Studies of industrial accidents are an example. When it was learned that the number of injuries per hour increases with the length of the working day and with the absence of mechanical safeguards, it led to a demand for shorter hours, safety laws, and compulsory accident insurance. Similarly, as we begin to understand the connection between the rate of interest with booms in building, unemployment ceases to be a matter of individual responsibility and becomes a problem for business and society. This classic book, initially published in 1936, illumines a growing knowledge of controllable causes of social evils....