Reform-minded leaders of Qatar, who have embarked on a sweeping reform of their nation's education system, asked RAND to evaluate the education finance system that has been adopted and to offer suggestions for improvements. The authors analyze the system's evolution and resource allocation patterns between 2004 and 2006 and develop analytic tools for performing the evaluation, including a framework that allows assessment of the system in light of six main objectives: adequacy, efficiency, equity, accountability, transparency, and an appropriate balance between stability and responsiveness. Several data sources helped in the analysis, including financial data from schools, school administrative data, student data and test scores, and information about each student's parents and family life. The authors note the considerable progress that Qatar's education reform has made in just a few short years. ...