1.

The U.S. Oral Health Workforce in the Coming Decade: Workshop Summary מאת Planning Committee for a Workshop on the Sufficiency of the U.S. Oral Health Workforce in the Coming Decade Access to oral health services is a problem for all segments of the U.S. population, and especially problematic for vulnerable populations, such as rural and underserved populations. The many challenges to improving access to oral health services include the lack of coordination and integration amon...

2.

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals מאת National Research Council A respected resource for decades, the "Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals" has been revised by a committee of experts, based on input from scientists and the public. The Guide incorporates recent research on commonly used species, including farm animals, and includes extensive referenc...

3.

Department of Homeland Security Bioterrorism Risk Assessment: A Call for Change מאת Committee on Methodological Improvements to the Department of Homeland Security's Biological Agent Risk Analysis The mission of "Department of Homeland Security Bioterrorism Risk Assessment: A Call for Change", the new book from the National Research Council, is to independently and scientifically review the methodology that led to the 2006 Department of Homeland Security report, Bioterrorism Risk Assessment (...

4.

Depression in Parents, Parenting, and Children: Opportunities to Improve Identification, Treatment, and Prevention מאת Parenting Practices, and the Healthy Development of Children Committee on Depression Depression is a widespread condition affecting approximately 7.5 million parents in the U.S. each year and may be putting at least 15 million children at risk for adverse health outcomes. Based on evidentiary studies, major depression in either parent can interfere with parenting quality and increas...

5.

How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition מאת Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning with additional material from the Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice (National Research Council) Text is a result of work of two committees of the Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education of the National Research Council. Original volume, c1999, was a product of a 2-year study conducted by the Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning. Ex...

6.

An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology: Fiscal Year 2009 מאת Panel on Nanoscale Science and Technology The National Institute of Standards and Technology's (NIST's) Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST) was founded on May 1, 2007, and remains in development with respect to projects and staffing. It aspires to be recognized both as a world leader in each of its research areas and as an or...

7.

America's Uninsured Crisis: Consequences for Health and Health Care מאת Committee on Health Insurance Status and Its Consequences When policy makers and researchers consider potential solutions to the crisis of uninsurance in the United States, the question of whether health insurance matters to health is often an issue. This question is far more than an academic concern. It is crucial that U.S. health care policy be informed ...

8.

Combating Tobacco Use in Military and Veteran Populations מאת Committee on Smoking Cessation in Military and Veteran Populations The health and economic costs of tobacco use in military and veteran populations are high. In 2007, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and the Department of Defense (DoD) requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) make recommendations on how to reduce tobacco initiation and encourage cessat...

9.

Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice מאת Education, and Practice Committee on Conflict of Interest in Medical Research Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and pract...

10.

How Students Learn: Mathematics in the Classroom מאת Committee on How People Learn: A Targeted Report for Teachers In this volume, practical questions that confront every mathematics teacher are addressed using the latest research on cognition, teaching, and learning....

11.

Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People: Progress and Possibilities מאת Youth and Young Adults: Research Advances and Promising Interventions Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Mental health and substance use disorders among children, youth, and young adults are major threats to the health and well-being of younger populations which often carryover into adulthood. The costs of treatment for mental health and ad...

12.

Review of the Bureau of Reclamation's Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe מאת Committee on the Review of the Bureau of Reclamation\\\'s Corrosion Prevention Standards for Ductile Iron Pipe Ductile iron pipe (DIP) was introduced about 50 years ago as a more economical and better-performing product for water transmission and distribution. As with iron or steel pipes, DIP is subject to corrosion, the rate of which depends on the environment in which the pipe is placed. Corrosion mitigati...

13.

Venture Funding and the NIH SBIR Program מאת Technology, and Innovation: An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program Committee for Capitalizing on Science The Small Business Administration issued a policy directive in 2002, the effect of which has been to exclude innovative small firms in which venture capital firms have a controlling interest from the SBIR program. This book seeks to illuminate the consequences of the SBA ruling excluding majority-ow...

14.

Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation: A Tribute to the Life and Scientific Legacies of Joshua Lederberg מאת Forum on Microbial Threats Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scie...

15.

Evaluation of Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities מאת Committee on Evaluation of the Safety and Environmental Metrics for Potential Application at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities By the end of 2009, more than 60 percent of the global chemical weapons stockpile declared by signatories to the Chemical Weapons Convention will have been destroyed, and of the 184 signatories, only three countries will possess chemical weapons-the United States, Russia, and Libya. In the United St...

16.

Learning Science in Informal Environments: People, Places, and Pursuits מאת Committee on Learning Science in Informal Environments Informal science is a burgeoning field that operates across a broad range of venues (museums, media outlets, state parks, science clubs, after-school programs), and envisages learning outcomes for individuals, schools, families, and society. The evidence base that describes informal science, its pro...

17.

A New Biology for the 21st Century: Ensuring the United States Leads the Coming Biology Revolution מאת Committee on a New Biology for the 21st Century: Ensuring the United States Leads the Coming Biology Revolution Now more than ever, biology has the potential to contribute practical solutions to many of the major challenges confronting the United States and the world. A New Biology for the 21st Century recommends that a "New Biology" approach--one that depends on greater integration within biology, and...

18.

Adding It Up: Helping Children Learn Mathematics מאת Mathematics Learning Study Committee Adding it All Up explores how students in pre-K through 8th grade learn mathematics and recommends how teaching, curricula, and teacher education should change to improve mathematics learning during these critical years. The committee identifies five interdependent components of mathematics p...

19.

Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines מאת Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines As women of childbearing age have become heavier, the trade-off between maternal and child health created by variation in gestational weight gain has become more difficult to reconcile. Weight Gain During Pregnancy responds to the need for a reexamination of the 1990 Institute of Medicine g...

20.

To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System מאת Committee on Quality of Health Care in America Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Reveals the truth of medical error and the disparity between the incidence of error and public perception. Examines how surrounding forces of legislation, regulation, and market activity influence the quality of care provided and handling medical mista...

21.

Educating Children with Autism מאת Committee on Educational Interventions for Children with Autism~National Researc Autism is a word most of us are familiar with. But do we really know what it means? Children with autism are challenged by the most essential human behaviors. They have difficulty interacting with other people-often failing to see people as people rather than simply objects in their environme...

22.

Mathematics Learning in Early Childhood: Paths Toward Excellence and Equity מאת Committee on Early Childhood Mathematics Early childhood mathematics is vitally important for young children's present and future educational success. Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Furthermore, young children enjoy their early informal experienc...

23.

Early Childhood Assessment: Why, What, and How מאת National Research Council The assessment of young children's development and learning has recently taken on new importance. Private and government organizations are developing programs to enhance the school readiness of all young children, especially children from economically disadvantaged homes and communities and children...

24.

America's Future in Space: Aligning the Civil Space Program with National Needs מאת Committee on the Rationale and Goals of the U.S. Civil Space Program As civil space policies and programs have evolved, the geopolitical environment has changed dramatically. Although the U.S. space program was originally driven in large part by competition with the Soviet Union, the nation now finds itself in a post-Cold War world in which many nations have establis...

25.

Science and Decisions: Advancing Risk Assessment מאת Committee on Improving Risk Analysis Approaches Used by the U.S. EPA Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public hea...

26.

How People Learn: Bridging Research and Practice מאת Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning How do people learn? Exciting new evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. This book examines these findings and their ...

27.

Live Variola Virus: Considerations for Continuing Research מאת Committee on the Assessment of Future Scientific Needs for Live Variola Virus Smallpox was a devastating disease that decimated human populations for centuries, and its eradication in 1980 was a monumental achievement for the global health community. Since then the remaining known strains of its causative agent, variola virus, have been contained in two World Health Organizat...

28.

An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2009 מאת Panel on Electronics and Electrical Engineering The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the U.S. Department of Commerce, carries out its mission of promoting U.S. innovation and industrial competitiveness by developing and applying technology, measurements, and standards across nationally and strategically importan...

29.

Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research מאת Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data a...

30.

Addressing the Threat of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Realistic Assessment of the Challenge: Workshop Summary מאת Institute of Medicine Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death in the world today, with 4,500 people dying from the disease every day. Many cases of TB can be cured by available antibiotics, but some TB is resistant to multiple drugs--a major and growing threat worldwide. The Institute of Medicine's Forum on Dr...

31.

The Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities מאת Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems at Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities Committee to Examine the Disposal of Activated Carbon from the Heating For the last two decades, the United States has been destroying its entire stockpile of chemical agents. At the facilities where these agents are being destroyed, effluent gas streams pass through large activated carbon filters before venting to ensure that any residual trace vapors of chemical agen...

32.

Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals, Volume 7 מאת Committee on Acute Exposure Guideline Levels This book is the seventh volume in the series "Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals", and includes AEGLs for acetone cyanohydrin, carbon disulfide, monochloroacetic acid, and phenol. At the request of the Department of Defense, the National Research Council has reviewed th...

33.

Assessment of Explosive Destruction Technologies for Specific Munitions at the Blue Grass and Pueblo Chemical Agent Destruction Pilot Plants מאת Committee to Review Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives Program Detonation Technologies The Army's ability to meet public and congressional demands to destroy expeditiously all of the U.S. declared chemical weapons would be enhanced by the selection and acquisition of appropriate explosive destruction technologies (EDTs) to augment the main technologies to be used to destroy the chemic...

34.

On Being a Scientist: Third Edition מאת Engineering, and Public Policy Committee on Science The scientific research enterprise is built on a foundation of trust. Scientists trust that the results reported by others are valid. Society trusts that the results of research reflect an honest attempt by scientists to describe the world accurately and without bias. But this trust will endure only...

35.

State of the USA Health Indicators: Letter Report מאת Committee on the State of the USA Health Indicators Researchers, policymakers, sociologists and doctors have long asked how to best measure the health of a nation, yet the challenge persists. The nonprofit State of the USA, Inc. (SUSA) is taking on this challenge, demonstrating how to measure the health of the United States. The organization is devel...

36.

Assessing Accomplished Teaching: Advanced-Level Certification Programs מאת Committee on Evaluation of Teacher Certification by the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards The mission of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) is to establish 'high and rigorous standards for what teachers should know and be able to do, to certify teachers who meet those standards, and to advance other education reforms for the purpose of improving student learni...

37.

A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program: Mission, Management, and Measurement of Results מאת Committee on a Comprehensive Review of the HHS Office of Family Planning Title X Program A Review of the HHS Family Planning Program provides a broad evaluation of the Title X family planning program since its establishment in 1970. The program successfully provides family planning services to its target audience of low-income individuals, but there is room for improvement. Whi...

38.

Evaluating Occupational Health and Safety Research Programs: Framework and Next Steps מאת Committee on the Review of NIOSH Research Programs Each year, approximately 5,000 fatal work-related injuries and 4 million non-fatal injuries and illnesses occur in the United States. This number represents both unnecessary human suffering and high economic costs. In order to assist in better evaluating workplace safety and create safer work enviro...

39.

Radioisotope Power Systems: An Imperative for Maintaining U.S. Leadership in Space Exploration מאת Radioisotope Power Systems Committee Spacecraft require electrical energy. This energy must be available in the outer reaches of the solar system where sunlight is very faint. It must be available through lunar nights that last for 14 days, through long periods of dark and cold at the higher latitudes on Mars, and in high-radiation fie...

40.

Mapping the Zone: Improving Flood Map Accuracy מאת Committee on FEMA Flood Maps Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps portray the height and extent to which flooding is expected to occur, and they form the basis for setting flood insurance premiums and regulating development in the floodplain. As such, they are an important tool for individuals, b...

41.

Approaches to Reducing the Use of Forced or Child Labor: Summary of a Workshop on Assessing Practice מאת National Research Council Globally, child labor and forced labor are widespread and complex problems. They are conceptually different phenomena, requiring different policy responses, though they may also overlap in practice. The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) was designed to reduce the use of child and for...

42.

Nutrient Control Actions for Improving Water Quality in the Mississippi River Basin and Northern Gulf of Mexico מאת Modeling and Technical Aspects of Nutrient Pollutant Load Allocation and Implementation Committee on the Mississippi River and the Clean Water Act: Scientific A large area of coastal waters in the northern Gulf of Mexico experiences seasonal conditions of low levels of dissolved oxygen, a condition known as hypoxia. Excess discharge of nutrients into the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya rivers causes nutrient overenrichment in the gulf'...

43.

Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations מאת Committee on Autonomous Vehicles in Support of Naval Operations

44.

The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity: Summary of an International Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, March 30 to April 2, 2008 מאת Committee on International Outreach Activities on Biosecurity The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity, held in Budapest, Hungary on March 30-April 2, 2008, represents the efforts of a number of individuals and organizations, over the last five years, to engage the international community of life scientists in addressing how to reduce the risk that the resul...

45.

Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies מאת Committee on Organizational Modeling: From Individuals to Societies Today’s military missions have shifted away from fighting nation states using conventional weapons toward combating insurgents and terrorist networks in a battlespace in which the attitudes and behaviors of civilian noncombatants may be the primary effects of military actions. To support these new...

46.

Keeping Patients Safe: Transforming the Work Environment of Nurses מאת Committee on the Work Environment for Nurses and Patient Safety Building on the revolutionary Institute of Medicine reports "To Err is Human and Crossing the Quality Chasm", "Keeping Patients Safe" lays out guidelines for improving patient safety by changing nurses working conditions and demands. Licensed nurses and unlicensed nursing assistants are critical par...

47.

Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities מאת William A. Owens The United States is increasingly dependent on information and information technology for both civilian and military purposes, as are many other nations. Although there is a substantial literature on the potential impact of a cyberattack on the societal infrastructure of the United States, little ha...

48.

Maritime Security Partnerships מאת Committee on the "1,000-Ship Navy" - A Distributed and Global Maritime Network To offer security in the maritime domain, governments around the world need the capabilities to directly confront common threats like piracy, drug-trafficking, and illegal immigration. No single navy or nation can do this alone. Recognizing this new international security landscape, the former Chief...

49.

The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: Assessing Pre-Katrina Vulnerability and Improving Mitigation and Preparedness מאת Committee on New Orleans Regional Hurricane Protection Projects Hurricane Katrina, which struck New Orleans and surrounding areas in August 2005, ranks as one of the nation's most devastating natural disasters. Shortly after the storm, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers established a task force to assess the performance of the levees, floodwalls, and other structu...

50.

Emerging Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia מאת Committee on a Study of Technologies to Benefit Farmers in Africa and South Asia Increased agricultural productivity is a major stepping stone on the path out of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, but farmers there face tremendous challenges improving production. Poor soil, inefficient water use, and a lack of access to plant breeding resources, nutritious animal feed...

51.

Starting Out Right: A Guide to Promoting Children's Reading Success מאת Committee on the Prevention of Reading Difficulties in Young Children With literacy problems plaguing as many as four in ten children in America, this book discusses how best to help children succeed in reading. It includes 55 activities to do with children to help them become successful readers, a list of recommended children's books, and a guide to CD-ROMs and Websi...

52.

Wake Turbulence: An Obstacle to Increased Air Traffic Capacity מאת Committee to Conduct an Independent Assessment of the Nation's Wake Turbulence Research and Development Program Without major changes, the current air transportation system will be unable to accommodate the expected increase in demand by 2025. One proposal to address this problem is to use the Global Positioning System to enable aircraft to fly more closely spaced. This approach, however, might be limited by ...

53.

Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas: Workshop Summary מאת Institute of Medicine Childhood Obesity Prevention in Texas summarizes the information gathered at a workshop held February 5-6, 2009, in Austin, Texas. At this workshop, committee members met with Texas lawmakers, public officials, and community leaders to exchange ideas and to view first-hand strategies that are...

54.

Common Standards for K-12 Education?: Considering the Evidence: Summary of a Workshop Series מאת Committee on State Sandards in Education: A Workshop Series Standards-based accountability has become a central feature of the public education system in each state and is a theme of national discussions about how achievement for all students can be improved and achievement gaps narrowed. Questions remain, however, about the implementation of standards and a...

55.

Frontiers in Crystalline Matter: From Discovery to Technology מאת Committee for an Assessment of and Outlook for New Materials Synthesis and Crystal Growth For much of the past 60 years, the U.S. research community dominated the discovery of new crystalline materials and the growth of large single crystals, placing the country at the forefront of fundamental advances in condensed-matter sciences and fueling the development of many of the new technologi...

56.

Assessment of Corrosion Education מאת Committee on Assessing Corrosion Education The threat from the degradation of materials in the engineered products that drive our economy, keep our citizenry healthy, and keep us safe from terrorism and belligerent threats has been well documented over the years. And yet little effort appears to have been made to apply the nation's engineeri...

57.

Resident Duty Hours: Enhancing Sleep, Supervision, and Safety מאת Committee on Optimizing Graduate Medical Trainee (Resident) Hours and Work Schedule to Improve Patient Safety Medical residents in hospitals are often required to be on duty for long hours. In 2003, the organization overseeing graduate medical education adopted common program requirements to restrict resident workweeks, including limits to an average of 80 hours over 4 weeks and the longest consecutive peri...

58.

Assessing Medical Preparedness to Respond to a Terrorist Nuclear Event: Workshop Report מאת Committee on Medical Preparedness for a Terrorist Nuclear Event; Institute of Medicine A nuclear attack on a large U.S. city by terrorists--even with a low-yield improvised nuclear device (IND) of 10 kilotons or less--would cause a large number of deaths and severe injuries. The large number of injured from the detonation and radioactive fallout that would follow would be overwhelming...

59.

Genetically Engineered Organisms, Wildlife, and Habitat: A Workshop Summary מאת Planning Committee for the Workshop on Research to Improve the Evaluation of the Impacts of Genetically Engineered Organisms on Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife and Habitats Since the first commercial introduction of transgenic corn plants in 1995, biotechnology has provided enormous benefits to agricultural crop production. Research is underway to develop a much broader range of genetically engineered organisms (GEOs), including fish, trees, microbes, and insects, that...

60.

Engineering in K-12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects מאת Committee on Understanding and Improving K-12 Engineering Education in the United States Engineering education in K-12 classrooms is a small but growing phenomenon that may have implications for engineering and also for the other "STEM" subjects--science, technology, and mathematics. Specifically, engineering education may improve student learning and achievement in science and mathemat...

61.

Catalysis for Energy: Fundamental Science and Long-Term Impacts of the U.S. Department of Energy Basic Energy Science Catalysis Science Program מאת Committee on the Review of the Basic Energy Sciences This book presents an in-depth analysis of the investment in catalysis basic research by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Catalysis Science Program. Catalysis is essential to our ability to control chemical reactions, including those involved in energy transf...

62.

America's Energy Future: Technology and Transformation מאת Phase1 Committee on America\'s Energy Future For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Energy touches our lives in countless ways and its costs are felt when we fill up at the gas pump, pay our home heating bills, and keep businesses both large and small running. There are long-term costs as well: to the environment, as na...

63.

From Neurons to Neighborhoods : The Science of Early Childhood Development מאת Committee on Integrating the Science of Early Childhood Development Authoritative yet accessible, Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the newest evidence about early brain development and how children learn to speak, think, get along with others, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the surrounding context-family, child care, community-within which t...

64.

An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2009 מאת Panel on Chemical Science and Technology An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory examines the operations of the Chemical Science and Technology Laboratory (CSTL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). This book assesses the CSTL, based o...

65.

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies--A Focus on Hydrogen מאת Committee on Assessment of Resource Needs for Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) could alleviate the nation's dependence on oil and reduce U.S. emissions of carbon dioxide, the major greenhouse gas. Industry-and government-sponsored research programs have made very impressive technical progress over the past several years, and several companie...

66.

Partnerships for Emerging Research Institutions: Report of a Workshop מאת Committee on Partnerships for Emerging Research Institutions Constituting one-third of all U.S. institutions of higher education, emerging research institutions (ERIs) are crucial to sustaining the nation's technological competitiveness through innovation and workforce development. Many, however, are not fully engaged in sustained sponsored research. This boo...

67.

Fostering Visions for the Future: A Review of the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts מאת Committee to Review the NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts The NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts (NIAC) was formed in 1998 to provide an independent source of advanced aeronautical and space concepts that could dramatically impact how NASA develops and conducts its missions. Until the program's termination in August 2007, NIAC provided an independent ope...

68.

A Review of the NIOSH Roadmap for Research on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles מאת Committee for the Review of the NIOSH Research Roadmap on Asbestos Fibers and Other Elongate Mineral Particles Although asbestos is no longer mined in the United States, prior and ongoing exposures to asbestos continue to contribute to respiratory diseases, including mesothelioma, lung cancer, and asbestosis. To examine ongoing issues and concerns in this field, the National Institute for Occupational Safety...

69.

Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects מאת Committee on Environmental Impacts of Wind Energy Projects The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. Although the use of wind energy to generate electricity is increasing rapidly in the United States, government guidance to help communities and developers evaluate and pl...

70.

Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals מאת Committee on Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals The use of animals in research adheres to scientific and ethical principles that promote humane care and practice. Scientific advances in our understanding of animal physiology and behavior often require theories to be revised and standards of practice to be updated to improve laboratory animal welf...

71.

Veterans and Agent Orange: Update 2008 מאת Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides (Seventh Biennial Update) From 1962 to 1971, the U.S. military sprayed herbicides over Vietnam to strip the thick jungle canopy that could conceal opposition forces, to destroy crops that those forces might depend on, and to clear tall grasses and bushes from the perimeters of U.S. base camps and outlying fire-support bases....

72.

Shellfish Mariculture in Drakes Estero, Point Reyes National Seashore, California מאת Pt. Reyes National Seashore, California Committee on Best Practices for Shellfish Mariculture and the Effects of Commercial Activities in Drakes Estero When Drakes Estero, which lies within the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS) about 25 miles northwest of San Francisco, California, was designated by Congress in 1976 as Potential Wilderness, it contained a commercial shellfish mariculture operation. Oyster mariculture began in Drakes Estero with ...

73.

Urban Stormwater Management in the United States מאת Committee on Reducing Stormwater Discharge Contributions to Water Pollution The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually ev...

74.

Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward מאת Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community For multi-user PDF licensing, please contact customer service. Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that ch...

75.

Optimizing U.S. Air Force and Department of Defense Review of Air Force Acquisitions Programs מאת Committee on Optimizing U.S. Air Force and Department of Defense Review of Air Force Acquisition Programs The Department of Defense (DOD) spends over $300 billion each year to develop, produce, field and sustain weapons systems (the U.S. Air Force over $100 billion per year). DOD and Air Force acquisitions programs often experience large cost overruns and schedule delays leading to a loss in confidence ...

76.

Disrupting Improvised Explosive Device Terror Campaigns: Basic Research Opportunities: A Workshop Report מאת Committee on Defeating Improvised Explosive Devices: Basic Research to Interrupt the IED Delivery Chain Countering the threat of improvised explosive devices (IED)s is a challenging, multilayered problem. The IED itself is just the most publicly visible part of an underlying campaign of violence, the IED threat chain. Improving the technical ability to detect the device is a primary objective, but und...

77.

An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory: Fiscal Year 2009 מאת Panel on Information Technology An Assessment of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Information Technology Laboratory evaluates The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Six divisions of the laboratory were visited and reviewed. The scope of the...

78.

Community Perspectives on Obesity Prevention in Children: Workshop Summaries מאת Institute of Medicine As the public health threat of childhood obesity has become clear, the issue has become the focus of local, state, and national initiatives. Many of these efforts are centered on the community environment in recognition of the role of environmental factors in individual behaviors related to food and...

79.

Observing Weather and Climate from the Ground Up: A Nationwide Network of Networks מאת Committee on Developing Mesoscale Meteorological Observational Capabilities to Meet Multiple Needs Detailed weather observations on local and regional levels are essential to a range of needs from forecasting tornadoes to making decisions that affect energy security, public health and safety, transportation, agriculture and all of our economic interests. As technological capabilities have become ...