Fully updated fourth edition.

The Middle East is perhaps the most tumultuous area on earth, with ancient battles still being fought. This updated guide offers an intense look— through the lens of present-day knowledge—at current events and the everchanging political and social landscape, as well as the region’s history. And it addresses:

•The re-arming of Hezbollah
•Iran’s increased threat of acquiring nuclear weapons
•The odds of Palestinian unity in peace talks
•The evacuation from Gaza