Are women victims of a widespread bias in science and engineering, as a 2007 report of the National Academy of Sciences concluded? Or are there other, more plausible explanations for the paucity of women in various quantitative fields? What, if anything, should be done to encourage more women to become engineers and scientists? Anyone looking for a balanced and temperate treatment of this sometimes-contentious topic will welcome this collection of essays from leading academics on both sides of the issue.