Set against Afghanistan’s deep-rooted religious, ethnic, and social divisions, this comprehensive history examines a nation that for centuries has been in constant conflict. Beginning with early Persian, Greek, and Mongol invasions and continuing through the Russian incursion, it maps the history and development of Afghanistan through its wars and their effects. The recent bitter civil war is also addressed as is the role of the Taliban—who controlled most of the country under a fanatical and reclusive leader—including their stance on minority groups, the importance of Islam, the place of women in society, and their support for Osama bin Laden. Fully updated with the most recent geopolitical and military events involving the country, this is a compelling history of a nation caught between the headlines and its own past.