The Age of Enlightenment brought about impressive achievements in scientific understanding that pertained to medicine. Documentation of the anatomy progressed rapidly, and there was greater understanding of how certain bodily systems worked. Scientists expressed great hope for the future with some proclaiming that because scientific knowledge was growing so rapidly, disease would soon be completely eradicated. Yet the actual cause of illness still stymied them. Though microscopes provided the capability of seeing "little animalcules," no one had drawn a line between the presence of what we now know as bacteria and disease and there were many misguided theories about cause and effect. Though physicians of this era did not yet know the cause of disease, their theories were key to medical improvements to come. "Old World and New" discusses what occurred during this age of "enlightenment" that affected future developments in medicine. This new book is a vital addition to literature on the history of medicine, putting into perspective the medical discoveries of the period and providing readers with a better understanding of the accomplishments of the time. Featuring a chronology, a glossary, and an array of historical and current sources for further research, this resource is immensely useful for readers who need additional information on specific terms, topics, and developments in medical science. The chapters include: Medicine in Search of Better Answers; Advancements in Midwifery, Anatomy, and Surgery; Changes in Battlefield Medicine; Curtailing the Spread of Disease; Learning from Yellow Fever; Early American Medical Care; Early Thoughts on Digestion and Respiration; and, The Importance of Public Health....

During the Middle Ages (ca. 529-1100), the rise of Christianity had a definite effect on the practice of medicine. Pope Gregory (ca. 540-604) stressed the importance of prayer over medicine, and over time that sentiment became pervasive. Each time a person was healed, it was considered a miracle. The church taught that since God sometimes sent illness as punishment, that prayer and repentance could lead to recovery. When Christians used herbal remedies, the church wanted the magic spells to be replaced with prayers of devotion. Eventually, as different schools of thought emerged, tension developed between church-related cures and folk medicine. "The Middle Ages" illuminates what occurred during medieval times that affected future developments in medicine. Featuring a chronology, a glossary, and an array of historical and current sources for further research, this insightful new volume provides readers with a better understanding of the accomplishments of the time, explaining how and why scientific understanding was poised for the breakthrough of the Renaissance period. "The Middle Ages" is especially helpful for readers who need additional information on specific terms, topics, and developments in medical science. The chapters include: Medical Beliefs in Medieval Times; Medieval Healers and Hospitals; Diagnosis and Treatment Methods; Surgery in the Middle Ages; Women Practitioners and What Was Known About Women's Health; Public Health in the Middle Ages; Terrifying Illnesses of Medieval Times; and, The Golden Age of Islamic Medicine....

The Middle Ages marked a time when religion and superstition dominated all thinking and stalled the pursuit of new ideas. The questioning of everything from religious doctrines to styles of government to the understanding of the way the world works led to many significant developments, most notably the scientific method. This method was a process for experimentation that was used to explore observations and answer questions. This new methodology led to great developments in the fields of astronomy, physics, biology, and anatomy. "The Scientific Revolution and Medicine" examines the scientific revolution and how it has affected future developments in medicine. This book is a vital addition to literature on the Scientific Revolution because it puts the medical discoveries of the period into perspective, providing readers with a better understanding of the accomplishments of the time. While physicians of this era did not yet know the cause of disease, they began to make advances that would be vital for medical improvements still to come. Featuring a chronology, a glossary, and an array of historical and current sources for further research, this volume is especially useful for readers in need of additional information on specific terms, topics, and developments in medical science. The chapters include: Medicine: Ready for a New Start; Amazing Advances in Anatomy; Amazing Advances in Surgery; William Harvey Transforms Understanding of the Circulatory; The Microscope and Other Discoveries; Syphilis and What it Reveals of the Day; The Impact of the New World on Medicine; and, Scientific Progress on an Imperfect Path....

With over a quarter million copies in print, You Mean I'm Not Lazy, Stupid or Crazy?! is one of the bestselling books on attention deficit disorder (ADD) ever written. There is a great deal of literature about children with ADD. But what do you do if you have ADD and aren't a child anymore? This indispensable reference -- the first of its kind written for adults with ADD by adults with ADD -- focuses on the experiences of adults, offering updated information, practical how-tos and moral support to help readers deal with ADD. It also explains the diagnostic process that distinguishes ADD symptoms from normal lapses in memory, lack of concentration or impulsive behavior. Here's what's new:

• The new medications and their effectiveness
• The effects of ADD on human sexuality
• The differences between male and female ADD -- including falling estrogen levels and its impact on cognitive function
• The power of meditation
• How to move forward with coaching

And the book still includes advice about:

• Achieving balance by analyzing one's strengths and weaknesses
• Getting along in groups, at work and in intimate and family relationships -- including how to decrease discord and chaos
• Learning the mechanics and methods for getting organized and improving memory
• Seeking professional help, including therapy and medication

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The story of early medicine is one of magic and sorcery, religion and prayers, shamans and surgeons, and ingenuity and experimentation. All manner of successes and failures also dot the backdrop of early medicine. The health challenges of the time were many, ranging from near-fatal accidents to a wide variety of mysterious illnesses. Despite very little understanding of how the body worked or why people became sick, primitive people still devised successful methods to help heal the ill and injured. Early Civilizations focuses on the story of the ancient people and their approach to medicine, but the information presented in this new volume is by no means limited to discoveries made long ago. Today's scientists, archaeologists, and paleopathologists have learned the value of applying the latest technological developments to examine prehistoric finds. Electron microscopes are used to identify the scrapings from ancient shards of pottery to reveal what people ate, and computed tomography techniques (CT scans) are employed to examine mummies in order to better comprehend the illnesses from which the Egyptians suffered. As a result, there is a high level of excitement among professionals today as they gain greater understanding of the diet, health issues, illnesses, and injuries of ancient people. As new clues are found, or new technology is created that allows scientists to better evaluate old clues, theories of how early people lived and what they suffered through are revised. Chapters of this title include: Paleopathology - the Study of Disease in Prehistoric Times; What the Mummies Reveal; Indian Influence on Medicine; the Origins of Chinese Medicine; the Ancient Greeks and What They Learned; Hippocrates and the Importance of Medical Observation and Documentation; Galen - the Physician Whose Theories Dominated Medicine for 1,500 Years; and, Medical Progress During the Roman Empire....

The shocking fall of Bear Stearns in March 2008 set off a wave of global financial turmoil that continues to ripple. How could one of the oldest, most resilient firms on Wall Street go so far astray that it had to be sold at a fire sale price? How could the guys who ran Bear so aggressively miscalculate so completely?

In this vivid and dramatic narrative, Kate Kelly takes us inside Bear's walls during its final, frenzied 72 hours as an independent firm. Expanding with fresh detail from her acclaimed front- page series in The Wall Street Journal, she captures every sight, sound, and smell of those three unbelievable days.

For decades, Bear had proudly recruited "P.S.Ds"- employees who were poor, smart, and had a deep desire to become rich. An elite family or Ivy League diploma didn't matter. Were you willing to do almost anything to make money for the firm? Were you tough enough to be a street fighter?

Bear's leaders were arrogant and didn't play nice. But their style had made them a fortune, and had helped Bear survive every crisis from the Great Depression to the dotcom bubble.

Yet as the subprime mortgage crisis began to brew, the firm's key executives descended into civil war. Kelly reveals fresh, never-before-told details about the moves that led to that brutal final weekend.

With a style as riveting as it is enlightening, Street Fighters is the definitive account of a once-great firm's demise, and the human folly that led to the worst financial crisis since the 1930s....

The latest in the series that includes best-selling That's Not in My American History Book and That's Not in My Science Book, this book brings geography to life exploring the who behind the discovery of various lands and the what behind how our world changes. From the earliest compass to today's handheld GPS systems, Kelly shows how people throughout time have navigated the world....